Douglas Degelman | Professor of Psychology, Vanguard University of Southern California

PSYC 477: Psychology and Christianity

Vanguard University of Southern California
Instructor: Dr. Douglas Degelman

Integration Bibliography
Updated: April 3, 2003

Aguinis, H., & Aguinis, M. (1995). Integrating psychological science and religion. American Psychologist, 50, 541-542. 

Aoki, W. T., et al. (2000). Mentoring and the discipleship of adolescents: Research and applications to the church. Journal of Psychology and Christianity, 19, 377-385. Retrieved April 1, 2003, from http://www.fuller.edu/sop/integration/Publications/aokimentor.pdf

Argyle, M., & Beit-Hallahmi, B. (1975). The social psychology of religion. London and Boston: Routledge and Kegan Paul.

Aviles, J. M., et al. (2001). Intercessory prayer and cardiovascular disease progression in a coronary care unit population: A randomized controlled trial. Mayo Clinic Proceedings, 76, 1192-1198. Retrieved April 3, 2003, from  http://www.mayo.edu/proceedings/2001/dec/7612a1.pdf

Balswick, J., & Balswick, J. (1989). A maturity-empowering model of Christian parenting. Journal of Psychology and Theology, 17, 36-43. 

Batson, C. D. (1975). Rational processing or rationalization: The effect of disconfirming information on a stated religious belief. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 32, 176-184. 

Batson, C. D. (1976). Religion as prosocial: Agent or double agent? Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion, 15, 29-45. 

Beck, J., & Banks, J. (1992). Christian anti-psychology sentiment: Hints of an historical analogue. Journal of Psychology and Theology, 20, 3-10. 

Benner, D. G. (Ed.) (1987). Christian counseling and psychotherapy. Grand Rapids, Michigan: Baker Book House. 

Benner, D. G. (Ed.) (1987). Psychotherapy in Christian perspective. Grand Rapids, Michigan: Baker Book House. 

Berry, C. M. (1977). The concept of the Ideal: Therapy for Christians. The Bulletin, 3, 14-18. 

Bogan, M., & Bogan, D. (1984). Hypnosis and the Christian. Minneapolis, MN: Bethany House. 

Boivin, M. J. (1985). Behavioral psychology: What does it have to offer the Christian church? Journal of the American Scientific Affiliation, 37, 79-85. 

Bolt, M., & Myers, D. G. (1984). The human connection: How people change people. Downers Grove, IL: Intervarsity Press. 

Brock, T. C. (1962). Implications of conversion and magnitude of cognitive dissonance. Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion, 65, 136-141. 

Bufford, R. K. (1977). God and behavior mod: Some thoughts concerning the relationships between Biblical principles and behavior modification. Journal of Psychology and Theology, 5, 13-22. 

Bufford, R. K. (1982). Behavioral views of punishment: A critique. Journal of the American Scientific Affiliation, 34, 135-144. 

Bjorck, J. P. (1997). Religiousness and coping: Implications for clinical practice. Journal of Psychology and Christianity, 16, 73-79. Retrieved April 1, 2003, from http://www.fuller.edu/sop/integration/Publications/bjorckfc.pdf

Byrd, R. C. (1988). Positive therapeutic effects of intercessory prayer in a coronary care unit population. Southern Medical Journal, 81, 826-829. 

Campolo, A. (1983). A reasonable faith: Responding to secularism. Waco, Texas: Word Books. 

Carter, J. D., & Narramore, B. (1979). The integration of psychology and theology. Grand Rapids: The Zondervan Corporation. 

Clouse, B. (1985). Moral reasoning and Christian faith. Journal of Psychology and Theology, 13, 190-198. 

Cole, D. T. (1986). A response to Foster and Moran's "Piaget and parables: The convergence of secular and scriptural views of learning." Journal of Psychology and Theology, 14, 49-53. 

Cole, D. T. (1998). Against the integration of psychology and Christianity: A bold proposal for an alternative paradigm. Journal of Psychology and Christianity, 17, 210-219. 

Collins, G. R. (1977). The rebuilding of psychology: An integration of psychology and Christianity. Wheaton, Illinois: Tyndale House Publishers. 

Collins, G. R. (1981). Psychology and theology: Prospects for integration. Nashville: Abingdon Press. 

Collins, G. R. (1988). Can you trust psychology?: Exposing the facts and the fictions. Downers Grove, Illinois: InterVarsity Press. 

Cooper, J. W. (1989). Body, soul, and life everlasting: Biblical anthropology and the monism-dualism debate. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans. 

Cox, B. L. (1995). Belief versus faith. American Psychologist, 50, 541. 

Dodrill, C. B. (1976a). Brain functions of Christians and non-Christians. Journal of Psychology and Theology, 4, 280-285. 

Dodrill, C. B. (1976b). Personality differences between Christian and secular college students. Journal of Psychology and Theology, 4, 152-159. 

Dueck, A. (1989). On living in Athens: Models of relating psychology, church and culture. Journal of Psychology and Christianity, 8, 5-18. 

Ellison, C. W. (1972). Christianity and psychology: Contradictory or complementary? Journal of the American Scientific Affiliation, 24, 130-134. 

Ellison, C. W., & Bakker, R. J. (1978) Religious attitudes, prosocial cues and helping behavior in an emergency situation. The Bulletin, 4, 5-7. 

Evans, C. S. (1976). Christian perspectives on the sciences of man. Christian Scholar's Review, 6, 97-113. 

Evans, C. S. (1984). The concept of the Self as the key to integration. Journal of Psychology and Christianity, 3, 4-11. 

Evans, C. S. (1989). Wisdom and humanness in psychology: Prospects for a Christian approach. Grand Rapids: Baker Book House. 

Farnsworth, K. E. (1985). Wholehearted integration: Harmonizing psychology and Christianity through word and deed. Grand Rapids: Baker Book House. 

Faw, H. W. (1995). Psychology in Christian perspective: An analysis of key issues. Grand Rapids, MI: Baker. 

Fernhout, H., & Boyd, D. (1985) Faith in autonomy: Development in Kohlberg's perspectives in religion and morality. Religious Education, 80, 287-307. 

Finney, J. R., & Malony, H. N. (1985). Contemplative prayer and its use in psychotherapy: A theoretical model. Journal of Psychology and Theology, 13, 172-181. 

Finney, J. R., & Malony, H. N. (1985). Empirical studies of Christian prayer: A review of the literature. Journal of Psychology and Theology, 13, 104-115. 

Foster, J. D., & Ledbetter, M. F. (1987). Christian anti-psychology and the scientific method. Journal of Psychology and Theology, 15, 10-18. 

Foster, J. D., & Ledbetter, M. F. (1987). Wheat and tares: Responding to Vande Kemp and other revisionists. Journal of Psychology and Theology, 15, 27-30. 

Foster, J. D., & Moran, G. T. (1985). Piaget and parables: The convergence of secular and scriptural views of learning. Journal of Psychology and Theology, 13, 97-103. 

Foster, R. J. (1985). Money, sex, and power: The challenge of the disciplined life. San Francisco: Harper & Row. 

Giberson, K. (1993). Worlds apart: The unholy war between religion & science.  Kansas City, MO: Beacon Hill Press. 

Gilligan, C. (1993). In a different voice : psychological theory and women's development. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press.

Gorsuch, R. L. (1986). Psychology and religion, beliefs, and values. Journal of Psychology and Christianity, 5, 39-44. Retrieved April 3, 2003, from http://www.fuller.edu/sop/integration/Publications/gorsuch.pdf 

Gundry, P. (1980). Heirs together: Mutual submission in marriage. Grand Rapids, Michigan: Zondervan.

Hawkins, R. S., Tan, S.-Y., & Turk, A. A. (1999). Secular versus Christian inpatient cognitive-behavioral therapy programs: Impact on depression and spiritual well-being. Journal of Psychology and Theology, 27, 309-331. Retrieved April 3, 2003, from http://www.fuller.edu/sop/integration/Publications/tanhawkins.pdf

Hammes, J. A. (1988). Determinism and free will. In D. G. Benner (Ed.), Psychology and religion (pp. 138-154). Grand Rapids, MI: Baker. 

Hand, Q. L. (1988). Faith: A growth or a gift? Journal of Psychology and Christianity, 7, 39-44. 

Hardyck, J. A., & Braden, M. (1962). Prophecy fails again: A report of a failure to replicate. Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology, 65, 136-141. 

Hasker, W. (1975). Resurrection and mind-body identity: Can there be eternal life without a soul? Christian Scholar's Review, 4, 319-325. 

Hasker, W. (1978). MacKay on being a responsible mechanism: Freedom in a clockwork universe. Christian Scholar's Review, 8, 130-140. 

Hasker, W. (1978). Reply to Donald M. MacKay. Christian Scholar's Review, 8, 149-152. 

Hasker, W. (1983). Brains, persons, and eternal life. Christian Scholar's Review, 12, 294-309. 

Hawthorne, G. F. (1991). The presence & the power. Dallas: Word Publishing. 

Hill, P. C. (1989). Implications for integration from a new philosophy of psychology as science. Journal of Psychology and Christianity, 8, 61-74. 

Hillstrom, E. (1984). Human personality: Deterministic or merely predictable? Journal of Psychology and Christianity, 3, 42-48. 

Hodges, B. H. (1976). Toward a model of psychological man and his science. Christian Scholar's Review, 6, 3-18. 

Houts, A. C., & Graham, K. (1986). Can religion make you crazy? Impact of client and therapist religious values on clinical judgments. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 54, 267-271. 

Ingram, J. A. (1996). Psychological aspects of the filling of the Holy Spirit: A preliminary model of post-redemptive personality functioning. Journal of Psychology and Theology, 24, 104-113. 

Jeeves, M. A. (1969). The scientific enterprise & Christian faith. Downers Grove, Illinois: Inter-Varsity Press. 

Jeeves, M. A. (1976). Psychology and Christianity: The view both ways. Leicester, England: Inter-Varsity Press. 

Jeeves, M. A. (1997). Human nature at the millenium: Reflections on the integration of psychology and Christianity. Grand Rapids, MI: Baker Books. 

Jeeves, M. A., Berry, R. J., & Atkinson, D. (1984). Free to be different. Grand Rapids, Michigan: Eerdmans. 

Johnson, E. L. (1993). The place for the Bible within psychological science. Journal of Psychology and Theology, 20, 146-355. 

Johnson, E. L., & Jones, S. J. (2000). Psychology & Christianity: Four views. Downers Grove, Illinois: InterVarsity Press. 

Johnson, C. B., & Malony, H. N. (1982). Christian conversion: Biblical and psychological perspectives. Grand Rapids, MI: The Zondervan Corporation. 

Jones, S. L. (Ed.). (1986). Psychology and the Christian faith: An introductory reader. Grand Rapids, Michigan: Baker Book House. 

Jones, S. L. (1994). A constructive relationship for religion with the science and profession of psychology: Perhaps the boldest model yet. American Psychologist, 49, 184-199. 

Jones, S. L. (1995). Psychology and religion. American Psychologist, 50, 545. 

Jones, S. L., & Workman, D. E. (1989). Homosexuality: The behavioral sciences and the church. Journal of Psychology and Theology, 17, 213-225. 

Jones, S. L., & Yarhouse, M. A. (2000). Homosexuality: The use of scientific research in the church's moral debate. Downers Grove, IL: InterVarsity Press.

Jones, S., & Yarhouse, M. (1997). Science and the ecclesiastical homosexuality debates. Christian Scholar's Review, 26, 446-477. Retrieved April 3, 2003, from http://www.wheaton.edu/CACE/resources/onlinearticles/onlart001.pdf

Kelsey, M. (1991). God, dreams and revelation. Minneapolis, MN: Augsburg Fortress. 

King, D. E., & Bushwick, B. (1994). Beliefs and attitudes of hospital inpatients about faith healing and prayer. The Journal of Family Practice, 39, 349-352. 

Koteskey, R. L. (1980). Psychology from a Christian perspective, (2nd ed.). New York: University Press of America. 

Kraft, C. H. (1979). Christianity in culture. Maryknoll, New York: Orbis. 

Kraft, C. H. (1989). Christianity with power. Ann Arbor: Vine Books. 

Kuhn, T. S. (1970). The structure of scientific revolutions. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. 

Kushner, H. S. (1981). When bad things happen to good people. New York: Schocken Books. 

Lang, M. A. (1983). Prayer and psychotherapy: Beliefs and practice. Journal of Psychology and Christianity, 2, 36-49. 

Lawrence, C. (1989). Christianity, psychology and the cultural paradigm. Journal of Psychology and Christianity, 8, 16-23. 

Ledbetter, M. F., & Foster, J. D. (1989). Measuring spiritual giftedness: A factor analytic study of a spiritual gifts inventory. Journal of Psychology and Theology, 17, 274-283. 

Levin, J. S. (1996). How prayer heals: A theoretical model. Alternative Therapies, 2, 66-73. 

Lewis, C. S. (1952). Mere Christianity (chapters 7 & 9). New York: McMillan. 

Ludwig, T. E., Westphal, M., Klay, R.J., & Myers, D. G. (1981). Inflation, poortalk, and the gospel. Valley Forge, PA: Judson Press. 

MacKay, D. M. (Ed.) (1965). Christianity in a mechanistic universe. Chicago: Inter-Varsity Press. 

MacKay, D. M. (1968). The sovereignty of God in the natural world. Scottish Journal of Theology, 21, 13-36. 

MacKay, D. M. (1974). The clockwork image. London: Inter-Varsity Press. 

MacKay, D. M. (1978). Responsible mechanism or responsible agent? A response to William Hasker. Christian Scholar's Review, 8, 141-148. 

MacKay, D. M. (1979). Human science and human dignity. Downers Grove, Illinois: InterVarsity. 

MacKay, D. M. (1980). Brains, machines, and persons. Grand Rapids, MI: Eerdmans. 

MacKay, D. M. (1988). What makes a contradiction? In M. Tinker (Ed.), The open mind and other essays (pp. 38-44). Leicester, England: InterVarsity Press. 

Malony, H. N. (Ed.) (1977). Current perspectives in the psychology of religion. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans. 

Malony, H. N. (Ed.) (1983). Wholeness and holiness. Grand Rapids: Baker Book House.

Malony, H. N. (1999). John Wesley and psychology. Journal of Psychology and Christianity, 18, 5-18. Retrieved April 3, 2003, from http://www.fuller.edu/sop/integration/Publications/malony.pdf 

Mathisen, K. & Ellison, C. W. (1979). A social psychological analysis of mass evangelism. Journal of the American Scientific Affiliation, 31, 25-29. 

McCullough, M. E. (1995). Prayer and health: Conceptual issues, research review, and research agenda. Journal of Psychology and Theology, 23, 15-29. 

McCullough, M. E., & Worthington, E. L. (1995). Promoting forgiveness: A comparison of two brief psychoeducational group interventions with a waiting-list control. Counseling and Values, 40, 55-68. 

McMinn, M., & Foster, J. D. (1990). Christians in the crossfire. Newberg, OR: Barclay. 

Meier, P. D., Minirth, F. B., & Wichern, F. (1982). Introduction to psychology and counseling. Grand Rapids: Baker Book House. 

Meyer, S. G. (1975). Neuropsychology and worship. Journal of Psychology and Theology, 3, 281-289. 

Miller, A. G. (Ed.) (1972). The social psychology of psychological research. New York: The Free Press. 

Miller, J. B. (1976). Toward a new psychology of women. Boston: Beacon Press. 

Monsma, S. V. (1984). Pursuing justice in a sinful world. Grand Rapids, Michigan: Eerdmans Publishing Company. 

Muller, R., & Vande Kemp, H. (1985). On psychologists' uses on "Calvinism." American Psychologist, 40, 466-468. 

Myers, D. G. (1978). The human puzzle: Psychological research & Christian belief. New York: Harper & Row Publishers. 

Myers, D. G. (1980). The inflated self: Human illusions and the Biblical call to hope. New York: The Seabury Press. 

Myers, D. G. (1987). Ying and Yang in psychological research and Christian belief. Perspectives on Science and Christian Faith,39, 128-139. 

Myers, D. G. (1991). Steering between the extremes: On being a Christian scholar within psychology. Christian Scholar's Review, 20, 376-383. 

Myers, D. G. (1996). On professing psychological science and Christian faith. Journal of Psychology and Christianity, 15, 143-149. 

Myers, D. G. & Jeeves, M. A. (2002, Revised Edition). Psychology through the eyes of faith. San Francisco: Harper & Row. 

Narramore, S. B. (1974). Guilt: Where theology and psychology meet. Journal of Psychology and Theology, 2, 18-25. 

Narramore, B. (1985). The concept of responsibility in psychopathology and psychotherapy. Journal of Psychology and Theology, 13, 91-96. 

Nelson, A. A., & Wilson, W. P. (1984). The ethics of sharing religious faith in psychotherapy. Journal of Psychology and Theology, 12, 15-23. 

O'Donahue, W. (1989). The (even) bolder model: The clinical psychologist as metaphysician-scientist-practitioner. American Psychologist, 44, 1460-1468. 

O'Neil, R., & Donovan, M. (1970). Children, church, & God. New York: Corpus Books. 

Orlebeke, C. J. (1977). Donald MacKay's Philosophy of Science. Christian Scholar's Review, 7, 51-63. 

Orlebeke, C. J. (1976). Some notes on behaviorism. Christian Scholar's Review, 6, 32-38. 

Paloutzian, R. F., Jackson, S. L. & Crandall, J. E. (1978). Belief, purpose, social interest and religious orientation. The Bulletin, 4, 28-32. 

Paloutzian, R. F. (1996). Invitation to the psychology of religion (2nd ed.). Boston: Allyn and Bacon. 

Peck, M. S. (1983). People of the lie. New York: Simon and Schuster. 

Petty, J. C. (1984). Christian psychological apologetic. Journal of Psychology and Christianity, 3, 8-17. 

Post, S. G. (1995). The IRB, ethics, and the objective study of religion in health. IRB: A Review of Human Subjects Research, 17, (5 & 6), 8-11. 

Pressau, J. R. (1977). I'm saved, you're saved ... maybe. Atlanta: John Knox Press. 

Proudfoot, W., & Shaver, P. (1975). Attribution theory and the psychology of religion. Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion, 14, 317-330. 

Ratcliff, D. (1982). Behavioral psychology in the Sunday school classroom. Journal of the American Scientific Affiliation, 34, 241-243. 

Ratcliff, D. (1982). Behaviorism in the sanctuary. Journal of the American Scientific Affiliation, 34, 47-49. 

Ratcliff, D. E. (1982). Behaviorism and the new worship groups. Journal of the American Scientific Affiliation, 34, 169-171. 

Ratcliff, D. (1985). The development of children's religious concepts: Research review. Journal of Psychology and Christianity, 4, 358-43. 

Reichenbach, B. (1975). Re-creationism and personal identity. Christian Scholar's Review, 4, 326-330. 

Reichenbach, B. (1983). Is man the phoenix?: A study of immortality. Lanham, MD: University Press of America. 

Roe, J. E. (1982). A consumer's guide to Christian counseling. Nashville: Abingdon. 

Rubin, Z., & Peplau, L. A. (1975). Who believes in a just world? Journal of Social Issues, 31, 65-89. 

Sall, M. J. (1976). Demon possession or psychopathology? A clinical differentiation. Journal of Psychology and Theology, 4, 286-290. 

Sanderson, W. A. (1976). A reply to Hodges' Toward a model of psychological man ... OR Little black box we still love thee. Christian Scholar's Review, 6, 19-31. 

Sanderson, W. A. (1978). Christian empiricism as an integrating perspective in psychology and theology. Christian Scholar's Review, 8, 32-41. 

Seamands, D. A. (1981). Healing for damaged emotions. Wheaton, Illinois: Victor Books. 

Seamands, D. A. (1985). Healing of memories. Wheaton, Illinois: Victor Books. 

Shulik, R. N. (1988). Faith development in older adults. Educational Gerontology, 14, 291-301. 

Sire, J. W. (1976). The universe next door. Downers Grove, Illinois: InterVarsity. 

Skinner, B. F. (1971). Beyond freedom and dignity. New York: Harper & Row. 

Skinner, B. F., & MacKay, D. M. (1971). Case Against Freedom (Firing Line). Chicago: Southern Educational Communications Association. 

Strommen, M. P. (Ed.) (1971). Research on religious development: A comprehensive handbook. New York: Hawthorn Books. 

Tan, S. (1987). Interpersonal integration: The servant's spirituality. Journal of Psychology and Christianity, 6, 34-39. 

Thorne, S. B., & Himelstein, P. (1984). The role of suggestion in the perception of satanic messages in rock-and-roll recordings. Journal of Psychology, 116, 245-248. 

Timple, R. L. (1988). Christian psychology. In D. G. Benner (Ed.), Psychology and religion (pp. 254-263). Grand Rapids, MI: Baker. 

Tjeltveit, A. C. (1989). The impossibility of a psychology of the Christian religion: A theological perspective. Journal of Psychology and Theology, 17, 205-212. 

Turner, R. P., Lukoff, D., Barnhouse, R. T., & Lu, F. G. (1995). Religious or spiritual problem: A culturally sensitive diagnostic category in the DSM-IV. The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease, 183, 435-444. 

Vande Kemp, H. (1982). The tension between psychology and theology: The etymological roots. Journal of Psychology and Theology, 10, 105-112. 

Vande Kemp, H. (1998). Christian psychologies for the twenty-first century: Lessons from history. Journal of Psychology and Christianity, 17, 197-209.

Van Leeuwen, M. S. (1988). Psychology's "Two Cultures": A Christian Analysis. Christian Scholar's Review. Retrieved April 3, 2003, from http://www.cccu.org/resourcecenter/rc_detail.asp?resID=988&parentCatID=158

Van Leeuwen, M. S. (1976). The view from the lions' den: Integrating Psychology and Christianity in the secular university classroom. Christian Scholar's Review, 5, 364-376. 

Van Leeuwen, M. S. (1979). The behaviorist bandwagon and the body of Christ: I. What is Behaviorism? Journal of the American Scientific Affiliation, 31, 3-8. 

Van Leeuwen, M. S. (1979). The behaviorist bandwagon and the body of Christ: II. A critique of ontological behaviorism from a Christian perspective. Journal of the American Scientific Affiliation, 31, 88-91. 

Van Leeuwen, M. S. (1979). The behaviorist bandwagon and the body of Christ: III. A Christian examination of applied behaviorism. Journal of the American Scientific Affiliation, 31, 129-138. 

Van Leeuwen, M. S. (1984). The female reconstructs psychology. Journal of Psychology and Christianity, 3, 20-32. 

Van Leeuwen, M. S. (1985). The person in psychology: A contemporary Christian appraisal. Leicester, England: Inter-Varsity Press. 

Vitz, P. C. (1977). Psychology as religion: The cult of self-worship. Grand Rapids, Michigan: Eerdmans Publishing Company. 

Vitz, P. C. (1987). Secular personality theories: A critical analysis. In Thomas J. Burke (Ed.) Man and mind: A Christian theory of personality. Hillsdale, Michigan: Hillsdale College Press. 

Wagner, C. P. (1988). How to have a healing ministry. Ventura, California: Regal Books. 

Wahking, H. (1984). A church-related professional counseling service. Journal of Psychology and Christianity, 3, 58-64. 

Ward, L. C. (1984). Religion and science are mutually exclusive. American Psychologist, 50, 542-543. 

Watson, P. J., Hood, R. W., & Morris, R. J. (1985). Religiosity, sin and self-esteem. Journal of Psychology and Theology, 13, 116-128. 

Weiss, A. S. (1984). Can religion be used as a science in psychotherapy?. American Psychologist, 50,  543-544. 

White, J. (1987). Putting the soul back in psychology. Downers Grove, IL: InterVarsity. 

Wilson, R. W. (1978). Jesus as model. The Bulletin, 4, 24-27. 

Wimber, J. (1986). Power evangelism. New York: Harper & Row. 

Wimber, J. (1987). Power healing. New York: Harper & Row. 

Wolfe, D. L. (1978). Reflections on Christian empiricism: Thoughts on William Sanderson's proprosal. Christian Scholar's Review, 8, 42-45. 

Wolterstorff, N. (1984). Integration of faith and science--The very idea. Journal of Psychology and Christianity, 3, 12-19. 

Worthington, E. L. (1989). Religious faith across the life span: Implications for counseling and research. Counseling Psychologist, 17, 555-612. 

Wright, R. T. (1989). Biology through the eyes of faith. San Francisco: Harper & Row, Publishers. 


Copyright © 1994-2010
Vanguard University and Douglas Degelman
VUSC Disclaimer